Defining resistant hypertension
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is one of the most common conditions impacting U.S. adults. Often called the “silent killer” because it often presents no symptoms, hypertension is responsible for a vast majority of premature deaths around the world.
For many who have hypertension, it is a condition that can be managed with medication and/or lifestyle changes. However, for roughly 20% of patients with high blood pressure, resistant hypertension is a major concern due to the elevated risk of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure.
In this blog, we will explore the definition of resistant hypertension, its underlying causes, and treatment options including participation in clinical trials to help people with the condition manage blood pressure effectively. Read on to learn more.
What is resistant hypertension?
Resistant hypertension refers to a condition where a patient has hypertension that does not respond well to medical treatment. It typically occurs when a person is taking three different blood pressure medications at their maximum doses with one being a diuretic and still experiences consistently elevated blood pressure readings. It can also be diagnosed when a person requires four or more medications to control their blood pressure. Anyone can develop resistant hypertension, but individuals at a higher risk include older adults, African Americans, and those living with chronic kidney disease or diabetes.
What are the causes of resistant hypertension?
Resistant hypertension can be caused for a number of reasons, and patients will generally need to work closely with their medical providers to investigate potential causes. Contributing factors can include hormonal abnormalities, the accumulation of artery-clogging plaque, sleep disorders, obesity, heavy alcohol use, and a diet high in salt. Additionally, medications such as oral contraceptives, over-the-counter painkillers, and nasal decongestants can make blood pressure harder to control.
How to treat resistant hypertension
Treatment for resistant hypertension will generally include several tests to determine the underlying cause of the elevated blood pressure. Doctors will generally want to test a patient’s kidney function, hormone levels, and sleep quality to see if any of these factors are relevant. Patients may also receive a recommendation to pursue lifestyle changes such as increasing activity, limiting salt and alcohol, and limiting the use of over-the-counter pain relievers.
In roughly 40% of resistant hypertension cases, elevated blood pressure is caused by patients not taking medications correctly. It is important for patients to make sure they understand the dosage, frequency, and timing of their prescriptions to ensure this is not the case.
While medical professionals do not fully understand resistant hypertension and its underlying causes, research is currently underway to provide further insight into this condition. Studies often offer access to innovative treatments or interventions before they become widely available, and clinical trials for resistant hypertension are enrolling now and seeking patients to take part — use the button below to get started.
